Councils
A council gathers bishops from several churches to settle questions of faith or discipline. These are the 41 the site records, from the year 49 to 1962; each tradition counts differently which of them are ecumenical.
1st century
c. 49
Jerusalem
3rd century
Antioch in Syria
4th century
c. 306
Iliberris (Elvira), near modern Granada, Hispania
Arles, Gaul
Nicaea, Bithynia (modern İznik, Turkey)
Constantinople
Rome
Hippo Regius, North Africa (modern Annaba, Algeria)
Carthage, North Africa
5th century
Carthage, North Africa
Carthage, North Africa
Ephesus, Asia Minor
Ephesus, Asia Minor
Chalcedon, across from Constantinople (modern Kadıköy, Istanbul)
6th century
Orange (Arausio), Gaul
Constantinople
Toledo, Visigothic Spain
7th century
Lateran Basilica, Rome
Constantinople (domed hall or “Trullo” of the imperial palace)
Constantinople (domed hall or “Trullo” of the imperial palace)
8th century
Nicaea, Bithynia
Frankfurt am Main, Frankish kingdom
9th century
Constantinople (Hagia Sophia)
Constantinople (Hagia Sophia)
12th century
Lateran Palace, Rome
Lateran Palace, Rome
Lateran Palace, Rome
13th century
Lateran Palace, Rome
Lyon, France
Lyon, France
14th century
1311–1312
Vienne, France
15th century
1409
Pisa, Italy
1414–1418
Constance, Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany)
1431–1449
Basel, Switzerland
Council of Basel–Ferrara–Florence
1438–1445
Ferrara (1438), Florence (1439–1443) and Rome (1443–1445); previously Basel (from 1431)
16th century
1512–1517
Lateran Palace, Rome
1545–1563
Trent, northern Italy (briefly transferred to Bologna, 1547–1549)
17th century
1618–1619
Dordrecht, Dutch Republic (Netherlands)
Jerusalem and Bethlehem (Church of the Nativity)
19th century
1869–1870
St Peter's Basilica, Rome
20th century
1962–1965
St Peter's Basilica, Rome